16P13 — Water-Cooled Power Triode
The 16P13 is a directly heated, water-cooled power triode designed primarily for industrial and high-power radio frequency applications. Manufactured by Associated Electrical Industries Limited (AEI) under the Ediswan brand, this valve is specifically engineered for use as an R.F. oscillator in eddy current heating apparatus and similar industrial induction heating equipment.
Construction and Cooling System
The 16P13 features an external anode design with an integrated water-cooling jacket. It is the water-cooled version of the ESA1500 (also referred to in some documentation as the ES.MSOO) and is electrically identical to the 16P12. The primary physical distinction of the 16P13 is the inclusion of integral union connectors attached directly to the ends of the water-cooling tube. These union connectors are designed to accommodate 1/2-inch outside diameter tubing conforming to the BS2051 standard.
The tube's filament is constructed from thoriated tungsten, which is robust enough to support direct switching without requiring complex pre-heating or starting circuitry. To ensure proper operation and cooling, the 16P13 must be mounted vertically with the base positioned uppermost.
Mechanical and Physical Dimensions
The physical structure of the 16P13 is characterized by its specialized base and external anode assembly. The key mechanical dimensions and physical parameters include:
- Maximum Overall Length: 211 mm
- Body Height (excluding pins): 208 mm 3 mm (8.2 inches 0.125 inches)
- Maximum Width (including water connections): 115 mm (4.5 inches)
- Main Body Diameter: 80 mm (3.15 inches)
- Water Coil Outer Diameter: 95.5 mm (3.75 inches)
- Water Coil Inner Diameter: 50.8 mm (2.0 inches)
- Water Pipe Specification: 16 SWG with a pipe diameter of 6.35 mm (0.25 inches) and a coil pitch spacing of 12.7 mm (0.5 inches)
- Grid Pins: 7.938 mm (0.3125 inches) diameter, arranged on a 48 mm pitch circle diameter (P.C.D.)
- Other Pin Diameter: 9.525 mm (0.375 inches)
- Pin Length: 15 mm minimum to 18 mm maximum
Filament and Electrical Ratings
The directly heated thoriated tungsten filament operates under the following electrical specifications:
The calculated nominal power required to heat the filament is 208 W (derived from the nominal 8.0 V voltage and 26 A current).
Typical Operating Characteristics
Under typical operating conditions, the 16P13 exhibits the following electrical characteristics:
- Anode Voltage (Va): 5 kV
- Anode Current (Ia): 400 mA
- Mutual Conductance (gm): 7.5 mA/V
- Amplification Factor (μ): 24
Maximum Ratings and Frequency Limits
The absolute maximum ratings of the 16P13 define its safe operating envelope for continuous and pulsed operation:
- Maximum Anode Voltage (D.C.) (Va(max)): 8 kV
- Maximum Peak Cathode Current (Ik(pk)max): 6 A
- Maximum Anode Dissipation (Pa(max)): 3.0 kW
The maximum operating frequency of the valve is subject to two distinct limiting factors:
- Water Connections Limitation: When limited by the physical water cooling connections, the maximum operating frequency is 10 Mc/s.
- Valve Limitation: When considering the internal structure of the valve itself, the maximum operating frequency is 40 Mc/s.
Inter-electrode Capacitances
The internal capacitances between the electrodes of the 16P13 are specified as follows:
- Anode to Grid (Ca-g): 11.5 pF
- Anode to Filament (Ca-f): 0.8 pF
- Grid to Filament (Cg-f): 14.5 pF
Technical Summary
The 16P13 is a high-power, directly heated, water-cooled triode featuring a thoriated tungsten filament, an external anode, and a specialized base. Operating with an 8.0 V, 26 A filament supply, it is capable of handling up to 8 kV D.C. on the anode and dissipating up to 3.0 kW. Its integrated water-cooling system, complete with union connectors for 1/2-inch BS2051 tubing, allows it to function reliably as an R.F. oscillator in demanding industrial environments such as eddy current heating. The device must be operated in a vertical, base-up orientation and is rated for operation up to 10 Mc/s under water-connection limits, or up to 40 Mc/s when limited solely by the valve's internal structure.